Indian Constitution

भारतीय राज्यघटनेच्या निर्मीतीचा इतिहास

Latest version of the Indian constitution

Link to lecture on State and types of constitution – राज्य आणि राज्यघटनांचे प्रकार

India Code – digital repository of all central and state acts .

Interesting book.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYnOU1mIipdd67yw6itqibCIWjwJbOONT

• राज्यशास्त्र – एक समाजशास्त्र
• शास्त्र – शास्त्रीय पद्धतीने अभ्यास
  • रसायनशास्त्र – Chemistry
  • जीवशास्त्र – Biology
  • पदार्थविज्ञान शास्त्र – Physics
    1. ही सर्व नैसर्गीक शास्त्रांची उदाहरणे
• समाजाचा अभ्यास करणारे शास्त्र म्हणजे समाजशास्त्र
  • राज्यशास्त्र – राजकीय दृष्टीकोन
  • समाजशास्त्र – सामाजिक दृष्टीकोन
  • अर्थशास्त्र – आर्थिक दृष्टीकोन
  • इतिहास – ऐतिहासिक दृष्टीकोन
• राज्यशास्त्राचा उगम आणि विकास – हा video पहा.

• राज्यघटना किंवा संविधान म्हणजे काय ?
• कायदा म्हणजे ?
  • लिखीत कायदा
  • अलिखीत कायदा
  • हमुराबीचा कायदा

• रोमनांचा कायदा
• आधुनिक जगातील पहिली लिखीत आणि जगातील सर्वात छोटी राज्यघटना – अमेरिकेची राज्यघटना – केवळ 7 कलमे – खालील video पहा.

अलिखीत राज्यघटना (From Wikipedia)

“An uncodified constitution is a type of constitution where the fundamental rules often take the form of customs, usage, precedent and a variety of statutes and legal instruments.^[1] An understanding of the constitution is obtained through reading commentary by the judiciary, government committees or legal experts. In such a constitutional system, all these elements may be (or may not be) recognized by courts, legislators and the bureaucracy as binding upon government and limiting its powers. Such a framework is sometimes imprecisely called an “unwritten constitution”; however, all the elements of an uncodified constitution are typically written down in a variety of official documents, though not codified in a single document.”

An uncodified constitution has the advantages of elasticity, adaptability and resilience. A significant disadvantage, however, is that controversies may arise due to different understandings of the usages and customs that form the fundamental provisions of the constitution.^[1]

A new condition or situation of government may be resolved by precedent or passing legislation.^[1] Unlike a codified constitution, there are no special procedures for making a constitutional law and it will not be inherently superior to other legislation. A country with an uncodified constitution lacks a specific moment where the principles of its government were deliberately decided. Instead, these are allowed to evolve according to the political and social forces arising throughout its history.^[2]

When viewed as a whole system, the difference between a codified and uncodified constitution is one of degree. Any codified constitution will be overlaid with supplementary legislation and customary practice after a period of time.^[1]