{"id":12272,"date":"2026-10-18T10:35:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T05:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272"},"modified":"2026-10-18T11:17:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T05:47:30","slug":"fyba-semester-2-vec-introduction-to-law-of-torts-and-consumer-protection-act-since-november-2026-academic-year-2026-27","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272","title":{"rendered":"FYBA Semester 2 &#8211; VEC &#8211; Introduction to Law of Torts and Consumer Protection Act (since November 2026, Academic year 2026-27)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/8.2-N-2-Introduction-to-Law-of-Torts-and-COnsumer-Protection-Act-1785994200-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of 8.2-N-2-Introduction-to-Law-of-Torts-and-COnsumer-Protection-Act-1785994200 (1).\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-1db63a78-42e9-4337-8d19-4023c5aad5ec\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/8.2-N-2-Introduction-to-Law-of-Torts-and-COnsumer-Protection-Act-1785994200-1.pdf\">8.2-N-2-Introduction-to-Law-of-Torts-and-COnsumer-Protection-Act-1785994200 (1)<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/8.2-N-2-Introduction-to-Law-of-Torts-and-COnsumer-Protection-Act-1785994200-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-1db63a78-42e9-4337-8d19-4023c5aad5ec\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272\/#The_Law_of_Torts_and_the_Consumer_Protection_Act_2019\" >The Law of Torts and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272\/#Syllabus\" >Syllabus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272\/#Nature_and_concept_of_Torts\" >Nature and concept of Torts.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272\/#The_specific_Torts\" >The specific Torts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272\/#The_Consumer_Protection_Act_2019\" >The Consumer Protection Act 2019<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/?p=12272\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Law_of_Torts_and_the_Consumer_Protection_Act_2019\"><\/span>The Law of Torts and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>A <strong>tort<\/strong> is a civil wrong\u2014other than a breach of contract\u2014that causes physical, emotional, or financial harm to another person, making the wrongdoer legally liable to pay damages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Civil vs. Criminal:<\/strong> Unlike a crime (which is prosecuted by the state to punish an offender), a tort is handled in a civil court where the injured party sues directly for financial compensation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Origin of the Word:<\/strong> The term comes from the Latin word <em>tortus<\/em> (meaning &#8220;twisted&#8221; or &#8220;crooked&#8221;) and the Old French word <em>tort<\/em> (meaning &#8220;wrong&#8221;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Tortfeasor:<\/strong> The person who commits the wrongful act is called a <strong>tortfeasor<\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Main Categories of Torts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Negligence:<\/strong> Occurs when someone fails to exercise proper care, resulting in accidental injury (e.g., a slip-and-fall accident on a wet store floor or a car crash caused by reckless driving).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Intentional Torts:<\/strong> Occurs when a person acts with the purpose of causing harm or knowing harm is substantially certain to result (e.g., assault, battery, false imprisonment, or defamation like libel and slander).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strict Liability:<\/strong> Applies when someone is held legally responsible for the damage or injury their actions or products caused, regardless of whether they were being careless or intentional (e.g., product liability cases involving dangerous or defective manufactured items, or keeping a wild animal). <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Syllabus\"><\/span>Syllabus <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figures to right indicate number of lectures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nature_and_concept_of_Torts\"><\/span>Nature and concept of Torts.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>General principles of liability (5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>General defences to an action in Torts (5)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_specific_Torts\"><\/span>The specific Torts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Torts affecting persons (5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Torts affecting the immovable and movable property (5)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Consumer_Protection_Act_2019\"><\/span>The Consumer Protection Act 2019<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Terminologies in the Consumer Protection Act (3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consumer Disputes Redressal Mechanism for Consumer Protection and Remedies. (3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consumer case laws (4)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/Law-Torts-Ratanlal-Dhirajlal-Professionals\/dp\/B0HKG7PL9B\/\">https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/Law-Torts-Ratanlal-Dhirajlal-Professionals\/dp\/B0HKG7PL9B\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Law of Torts and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 A tort is a civil wrong\u2014other than a breach of contract\u2014that causes physical, emotional, or financial harm to another person, making the wrongdoer legally liable to pay damages. Main Categories of Torts Syllabus Figures to right indicate number of lectures. Nature and concept of Torts&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[357],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fyba-second-semester"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12272"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12284,"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12272\/revisions\/12284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drtktopecollege.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}